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Glossary

Alopecia: hair loss, which often occurs as a result of chemotherapy

Anemia: low red blood cell counts, which can cause a person to feel fatigue and have shortness of breath

CA-125: cancer antigen-125, a measurable blood protein that is a potential indicator of ovarian cancer and effectiveness of treatment

Chemotherapy: the use of chemicals to treat or control cancer cells. Chemotherapy is often used in addition to surgery or radiation to treat cancer when it has spread, when it has come back (recurred), or when there is a strong chance that it could recur

Chest x-rays: These may be taken to see if the cancer has spread to the lungs.

CT scans (computed tomography): These scans use an x-ray beam to take a series of pictures of the body from many angles. A computer combines the pictures to form a detailed image. CT scans are useful in showing how large the tumor is, whether lymph nodes are enlarged, and whether the tumor has spread to other organs. CT scans can also be used to guide a biopsy needle into a tumor in order to remove a sample of tissue.

DOXIL: a chemotherapy drug; a form of doxorubicin with a protective coating

Doxorubicin: a well established chemotherapy drug that belongs to a particular class of drugs known as anthrayclines

Fatigue: having an unusual and persistent sense of tiredness that can occur with cancer or cancer treatments. Fatigue can last a long time and interfere with everyday life. Rest does not always relieve it

Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) or palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE): a skin irritation, typically occurring on the hands and feet or other parts of the body where friction, rubbing, or sweating occurs

Immune system: the system of white blood cells that helps the body resist infection by bacteria or viruses. The immune system may also help the body fight some cancers

Intravenous (IV) infusion: delivering a drug or fluid into the body using a needle inserted into a vein

MRI: Like a CT scan, MRIs display a cross-sectional picture of the body. But an MRI uses radio waves and strong magnets instead of x-rays. MRI scans are helpful in looking at the brain and spinal cord. These scans take longer than CT scans, often up to an hour.

Neutropenia: low white blood cell count, which can cause fever or infections

Peripheral neuropathy: a disorder of the nervous system that is associated with numbness or tingling in the arms/hands and legs/feet

PET Scan: A procedure in which a small amount of radioactive glucose (sugar) is injected into a vein, and a scanner is used to make detailed, computerized pictures of areas inside the body where the glucose is used. Because cancer cells often use more glucose than normal cells, the pictures can be used to find cancer cells in the body.

Remission: The period during which the symptoms of a disease abate or subside.

Stomatitis: mouth discomfort, including inflammation or sores in the mouth area

Thrombocytopenia: low platelet count, which can lead to impaired blood clotting and prolonged bleeding

Tumor: an abnormal lump or mass of tissue. Tumors can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous)

Ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to create an image on a video screen. Because tumors and normal tissue reflect sound waves differently, this test may be useful in finding tumors and in telling whether a mass is solid or a fluid-filled cyst.

 


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